Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids

a. Carboxylic acids are named by dropping the -e ending of the parent name and adding -oic acid.

The substituent name for a -COOH group is carboxy.

pentanoic acid

1-carboxybutane

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2-bromohexanoic acid J

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b. Ring compounds...

When one or more –COOH groups are attached to a ring, the ring is named followed by the word -carboxylic acid. The carbon atom to which the -COOH group is attached is numbered 1 and substituents are numbered relative to that number.

cyclobutanecarboxylic acid

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1-cyclohexenecarboxylic acid J

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c. Common names that you should know are...

formic acid…What is the proper name for this compound? J

acetic acid…What is the proper name for this compound? J

malonic acid…What is the proper name for this compound? J

propionic acid…What is the proper name for this compound? J

butyric acid…What is the proper name for this compound? J

benzoic acid…What is the proper name for this compound? J

c. Salts of carboxylic acids are named by first naming the metal, followed by a space and then by changing the name of the acid by dropping the -oic acid ending and adding -oate.

sodium benzoate

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