Nomenclature of Nitriles, Nitro Compounds and Organic Nitrates

Nomenclature of Nitriles, Nitro Compounds and Organic Nitrates

1. Nomenclature of Nitriles

a. Name the parent alkane (include the carbon atom of the nitrile as part of the parent) followed with the word -nitrile. Cycloalkanes are followed by the word -carbonitrile. The substituent name is cyano.

1-butanenitrile or 1-cyanopropane

· Try to name the following compounds using these conventions…

· Try to draw structures for the following compounds…

butanedinitrile J

2-methycyclohexanecarbonitrile J

b. Some common names that you should know are...

acetonitrile

benzonitrile

· Try to draw a structure for the following compound…

2-methoxybenzonitrile J

2. Nomenclature of Nitro Compounds

Name these compounds by naming the -NO₂ as a nitro substituent.

nitromethane

nitrobenzene

· Try to draw a structure for the following compound…

m-nitrobenzonitrile J

3. Nomenclature of Organic Nitrates

Name the alkyl group and follow with a space and the word nitrate.

ethyl nitrate

· Try to draw a structure for the following compound…

benzyl nitrate J